An important challenge for digital preservation is getting agreement on an architecture that can persist in the face of changing technology, thus allowing independent technology choices to be made over time. Seven critical aspects of such an architecture are discussed in this talk, namely 1) the structure of information represented in digital form and the means of identifying it, 2) assuring that the elements within the structure can be interpreted as originally intended over time, 3) providing for interoperability with integrated security, 4) specifying levels of abstraction for metadata, its connection with the associated “data”, and enabling it to support evolution of searching techniques, 5) simplifying access to digital information, especially information preserved long ago, 6) determining relevant performance metrics for implementations of the architecture and 7) evaluating the performance of such implementations. Another important challenge is to develop and evolve the social structures required for effective management and evolution of the architecture. The Digital Object Architecture represents an excellent opportunity for the preservation community to embrace and will be briefly discussed along with possible social structures to enable the architecture to persist and evolve.

This paper describes the scalable e-archiving repository system developed in the context of the E-ARK project. The system is built using a stack of widely used technologies that are known from areas such as search engine development, information retrieval and data-intensive computing, enabling efficient storage and processing of large volumes of data. The E-ARK Integrated Platform Reference Implementation Prototype takes advantage of these technologies and implements an OAIS-oriented repository system for creating, archiving, and accessing data as information packages. The system consists of software components including an efficient file handling infrastructure, a configurable and scalable ingest system, a powerful full-text-based search server, and a distributed repository providing file-level random access. This paper gives an overview of the architecture and technical components that have been used to build the prototype. Furthermore, the paper provides experimental results and gives directions for future work.

Security is critical to repository trustworthiness. Recent international standards for Trustworthy Digital Repositories (TDRs) all specify some sort of security criteria that are necessary to adhere to in order to attain TDR status. However, little is known about how those who are responsible for addressing these criteria actually regard the concept of security. This study centers on digital repository staff members’ perceptions of security, including their perceptions of security criteria in standards for TDRs. This paper discusses findings from surveys and semi-structured interviews with staff from repositories that have recently acquired the nestor seal of approval. We found that participants considered the principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as relevant to their notions of security. We also found that participants considered the security criteria required to acquire the nestor seal of approval as both sufficient and appropriate for addressing their repositories’ needs. Implications for better understanding the security of digital repositories are discussed as well as directions for future research.

Stakeholders in scholarly research are paying increased attention to stewardship of digital research data for the purposes of advancing scientific discovery, driving innovation, and promoting trust in science and scholarship. However, little is known about the total amounts, characteristics, and sustainability of data that could be used for these purposes. The Stewardship Gap is an 18-month project funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to understand issues in defining metrics for and measuring the stewardship gap: the potential gap between the amount of valuable data produced through sponsored projects in the United States and the amount that is effectively stewarded and made accessible. This paper reports on the first phase of the project, which sought to develop an instrument to gather information about research data sustainability from a broad variety of researchers and research disciplines and make progress toward the ultimate goals of 1) shedding light on the size, characteristics, and sustainability of valuable sponsored research data and creative work in the United States, and 2) recommending actions stakeholders can take to address the stewardship gap if one is found to exist.

Digital stewardship is the active and long-term management of digital objects towards their preservation for and unencumbered access by future generations. Although the field is rapidly maturing, it still lacks a comprehensive competency profile for practitioners. This is due in part to the relative youth of the field, and to the fact that being an effective steward of digital materials requires highly specialized training that is best acquired through hands-on work. Given the key role that competency profiles play in the design of curricula and job postings, the lack of one hinders the training and education of professionals for these positions. This paper provides a profile of the skills, responsibilities, and knowledge areas that define competency in digital stewardship, based on a close study of the projects undertaken in the National Digital Stewardship Residency program (NDSR). The authors use a triangulated research methodology in order to define the scope of the profile, qualitatively analyze the competencies articulated among NDSR project descriptions, and quantitatively evaluate those competencies’ importance to professional success. The profile that results from this research has implications for current and future digital stewards: training designed with this profile as its basis will focus on the skills most needed to be an effective digital steward, and therefore can guide both graduate and professional development curricula alike.

This paper provides a historical look at the technical migrations of the Chronopolis digital preservation system over the last ten years. During that time span the service has undergone several software system migrations, moving from middleware-based systems to a suite of individual, finely scoped components which employ widely used and standardized technologies. These transitions have enabled the system to become not only less dependent on interpretation by middleware, but also easier to transfer to new storage components. Additionally, the need for specialized software knowledge is alleviated; any Linux systems administrator should be able to install, configure, and run the software services with minimal guidance. The benefits of moving to a microservices approach have been instrumental in ensuring the longevity of the system through staff and organizational changes.

The concept of digital sustainability introduces a holistic approach on how to maximize the benefits of digital resources for our society. The nine basic conditions for digital sustainability also provide a contribution to potential solutions to the challenges of digital preservation. Elaborateness, transparent structures, semantic data, distributed location, an open licensing regime, shared tacit knowledge, participatory culture, good governance, and diversified funding support the long-term availability of digital knowledge. Therefore, in this conceptual paper, we explain the links between digital sustainability and digital preservation in order to increase the impact of both. We conclude by presenting the political agenda of the Swiss parliamentary group for digital sustainability.

In 2015 the national Network for Digital Heritage was established. This network is based on three pillars: to make the digital heritage wider visible, better usable and more sustainable preserved. A series of collaborative projects are in progress since Summer 2015, framed within three working programs, all with their own but integrated set of dedicated actions in order to create a national infrastructure in the Netherlands, based on an optimal use of existing facilities. In this paper the focus is on the activities related to the sustainable preservation of the Dutch national digital heritage. What are the developments and where are we now, with the program running for a year and the first results are delivered.

BitCurator Access is developing open-source software that supports the provision of access to disk images through three exploratory approaches: (1) building tools to support web-based services, (2) enabling the export of file systems and associated metadata, (3) and the use of emulation environments. This demonstration will highlight two BitCurator Access software products: BitCurator Access Webtools which supports browser-based search and navigation over data from disk images, and a set of scripts to redact sensitive data from disk images.

This poster reports on a project at the University of Miami Libraries to evaluate the rights status of legacy materials that have been digitized for online access in the UM Digital Collections, and to assign item-level rights statements to over 52,000 items.

This poster presents the concept of Autonomous Preservation Tools, as developed by the State and University Library, Denmark. The work expands the idea of Minimal Effort Ingest, where most preservation actions such as Quality Assurance and enrichment of the digital objects are performed after content is ingested for preservation, rather than before. We present our Newspaper Digitisation Project as a casestudy of real-world implementations of Autonomous Preservation Tools.

This poster describes the development and delivery of a weeklong national media and communications campaign by the National and State Libraries of Australasia (NSLA) Digital Preservation Group to broaden public awareness of what digital preservation is and why it matters. Entitled Born Digital 2016: collecting for the future, this campaign will be linked with the 25th anniversary of the launch of the World Wide Web (6 August 2016) to gain maximum media exposure. The campaign focuses on the often unexpected benefits to the wider community of collecting and preserving digital material, rather than on the concept of loss which so often underpins arguments about why digital preservation is important.

The National Library of Poland (NLP) makes use of emerging open standard of digital magnetic tape structure - LTFS to build simple, efficient, economic, scalable and safe archival storage component for institutional repository.

This poster outlines my research on strategies of re-enactment to keep alive artworks that rely on performance. While digital documentation for some of these works circulates, the live nature of the works means they evade meaningful digitisation. In an artist/archivist collaboration, Teaching and Learning Cinema, myself and colleague Dr Lucas Ihlein have evolved three principal ways to bring these works from the original artists through to future generations – direct engagement with the original artist, extensive documentation of the reenactment process and the formulation of new 'expressive' instructions.
This approach resonates with a newly ignited discussion in Australia about how the conservation profession can effectively reach beyond institutions to communities. This work suggests that empowering communities to find their own solutions to intergenerational transmission means the process of preservation becomes part of the cultural product, a preservation of doing.

The Goportis Consortium consists of the three German National Subject Libraries. One key area of collaboration is digital preservation. The Goportis Digital Archive is jointly used by the consortial partners. As part of their quality management the partners strive to obtain certifications for trustworthy digital repositories. The Goportis Consortium successfully applied for the Data Seal of Approval (DSA) and is currently working on the application for the nestor Seal.
The poster illustrates the collaboration of the Goportis partners during the certification process (distribution of tasks, time frame, etc.). This way it could serve as best-practice example for other institutions interested in consortial certification.

This poster outlines how Qatar National Library builds a versatile multi-purpose repository that will provide digital preservation solutions to a wide range of national stakeholders and use cases.

Science and its data management are in transition. And while the research data environment has become heterogeneous and the data dynamic, funding agencies and policy makers push towards findable, accessible, interoperable and reuseable (= FAIR) research data. A popular issue of the management of data originating from (collaborating) research infrastructures is their dynamic nature in terms of growth, access rights and quality. On a global scale, systems for access and preservation are in place for the big data domains (e.g. environmental sciences, space, climate). However, the stewardship for disciplines of the so-called long tail of science remains uncertain. This poster gives the impression of an interdisciplinary infrastructure facilitating research data archival and publication.

Through 2015-2016, the University of Melbourne is set to achieve the Establishment phase goals for the implementation of digital preservation processes. These goals are detailed in comprehensive Roadmaps, which in turn were developed from the University’s Digital Preservation Strategy 2015-2025 [1]. While the Strategy requires implementation across four interrelated areas of digital product, two areas have been prioritized: Research Outputs and Research Data and Records. The phased Roadmaps have been developed to address the challenges inherent to both of these areas. The Roadmaps are comprehensive across organization, culture, policy, and infrastructure, to ensure that the University of Melbourne addresses the challenge of digital preservation of assets through an ongoing commitment to capability building, training, knowledge exchange, advocacy, and ongoing investment in infrastructure (both people and technology). Realizing this vision will support the University’s functions, accountability, and legacy.

This poster presents an exit strategy for when organisations use cloud-based preservation services. We examine at a practical level what is involved in migrating to or from a cloud-hosted service, either to bring preservation in-house or to move to another service provider. Using work by Arkivum on providing Archivematica as a hosted service, we present how an organisation can use such a hosted service with assurance that they can exit without loss of data or preservation capability. Contractual agreements, data escrow, open source software licensing, use of independent third-party providers, and tested processes and procedures all come into play. These are necessary to mitigate the risks of a wide range of scenarios including vendor failure, service unavailability, change in customer preservation scale or budgets, and migration to or from an in-house approach. There is an existing body of work on how to trust and measure a service that a vendor might offer, for example using audit criteria for Trusted Digital Repositories or measuring service maturity using NDSA preservation levels. However, there has been far less work on how to quickly and safely exit providers of such services - despite this being an essential part of business continuity and disaster recovery. This poster presents some of the considerations and the practical approach taken by Arkivum to this problem including: use of open source software (Archivematica, and ownCloud), data escrow, contracts and handovers, use of vendor independent standards and interfaces (PREMIS, METS, Bagit) and technical migration support, e.g. exports of databases, configurations, software versions and updates. We believe the experience and approach that we have developed will be of use to others when considering either the construction or the use of cloud preservation services.

In this poster, we describe a work package of the project Ellipse - archiving of official geospatial data under federal legislation in Switzerland. The work package treats the Conservation and Archiving Planning for all the geospatial data of the federal administration. The Conservation and Archiving Planning allows to determine how long a set of geospatial data is kept at the authority responsible and if it is of archival value or not. An overarching, coordinated and joint planning is of fundamental importance when dealing with geospatial data sets, so to ensure the combinability in the long term.

HydraDAM2, a digital preservation repository project being developed through a partnership between Indiana University and WGBH, aims to leverage new developments in the Hydra/Fedora stack in order to provide better long-term
management solutions for large audiovisual files.

In this poster we will present the results of the German research project EMiL (Emulation of Multimedia objects in Libraries). In the project, an emulation-based flexible and automatable access framework for multimedia objects in libraries and museums was developed.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's library-based Research Data Service (RDS) launched an institutional data repository called the Illinois Data Bank (IDB) in May 2016. The RDS makes a commitment to preserving and facilitating access to published research datasets for a minimum of five years after the date of publication in the Illinois Data Bank. The RDS has developed guidelines and processes for reviewing published datasets after their five-year commitment ends to determine whether to retain, deaccession, or dedicate more stewardship resources to datasets. In this poster, we will describe how the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign preservation review planning team drew upon appraisal and reappraisal theory and practices from the archives community to develop preservation review processes and guidelines for datasets published in the Illinois Data Bank.

The National Diet Library (NDL) has been providing access to digitized library materials via the Internet since 2002. The NDL has been digitizing books and magazines continuously since then, and collecting digitized materials from other institutions. In addition to digitized materials, NDL began to collect online publications (electronic books and electronic magazines) that were not protected by Digital Rights Management (DRM) from the Internet in 2013. The NDL Digital Collections was launched in 2011 to collect, preserve, and distribute these materials. This paper provides an overview of the NDL Digital Collections and discusses current achievements as well as the challenges faced in effecting long-term preservation while meeting the functional requirements of the OAIS reference model.

Format identification output needs to be assessed within an institutional context, also considering provenance information that is not contained in the data, but provided by data producers by other means. Sometimes, real issues in the data need to be distinguished from warnings. Ideally, this assessment should permit to decide where to invest effort in correcting issues, where to just document them, and where to postpone activities. The poster presents preliminary considerations at the ETH Data Archive of ETH-Bibliothek, the main library of ETH Zurich, on how to address file format identification and validation issues. The underlying issues are mostly independent of the specific tools and systems employed.

This poster session summarizes the output of a comprehensive Web archiving environmental scan conducted between August and December 2015, with a focus on the preservation-related findings. The scan was commissioned by Harvard Library and made possible by the generous support of the Arcadia Fund.

In this panel we will discuss various aspects of the ISO 17421: 2012 OAIS standard.

This paper seeks to advance digital preservation theory and practice by presenting an evidence-based model for identifying barriers to digital content rendering within a bit-level preservation repository. It details the results of an experiment at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign library, where the authors procured a random sample of files from their institution’s digital preservation repository and tested their ability to open said files using software specified in local policies. This sampling regime furnished a preliminary portrait of local file rendering challenges, and thus preservation risk, grounded not in nominal preferences for one format’s characteristics over another, but in empirical evidence of what types of files present genuine barriers to staff and patron access. This research produced meaningful diagnostic data to inform file format policymaking for the repository.

This paper presents results of a practical analysis into the effects of three main lossless TIFF compression algorithms – LZW, ZIP and Group 4 – on the storage requirements for a small set of digitized materials. In particular we are interested in understanding which algorithm achieves a greater reduction in overall storage, and whether there is any variation based on the type of file (e.g. colour depth). We compress 503 files with two software utilities – ImageMagick and LibTiff – and record the resulting file size for comparison against the original uncompressed version. Overall we find that in order to effectively (although not necessarily optimally) reduce total storage, Group 4 compression is most appropriate for 1-bit/pixel images, and ZIP compression is suited to all others. We also find that ImageMagick – which uses the LibTiff library – typically out-performs LibTiff with respect to compressed file sizes, noting that this appears to be the result of setting the “Predictor” tag.

The open, independent, and international standards organization Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has chartered a working group. It is named "Codec Encoding for LossLess Archiving and Realtime transmission" (CELLAR) and aims to develop specifications for a lossless audiovisual file format for use in archival environments and transmission. It consists of the combination of the audiovisual container Matroska, lossless video codec FFV1, and lossless audio codec FLAC. This paper reviews the status of this on-going development and thereby provides an overview of the challenges and intricacies of audiovisual specification development.

The PREMIS 3.0 Ontology Working Group is a community interested in using Semantic Web Technology to leverage systems managing the long-term preservation of digital archives.
The version 3 of the PREMIS Data Dictionary has stimulated the community to revise the current PREMIS OWL Ontology. The revision process aims not only to integrate the conceptual model with the changes defined by the new data model of the PREMIS version 3.0, but also to ease the implementation of Semantic Web Technology in the digital preservation community.